{"id":362,"title":"Anti-Gravity Wheel?","description":"In this video, Derek Muller from Veritasium demonstrates the principles of gyroscopic precession using a heavy 19-kilogram flywheel on a long shaft. He first shows that it's impossible to lift horizontally with one hand when stationary. After spinning the flywheel to a high RPM with a power drill, he can effortlessly hold it out and even lift it over his head, an act he could barely perform when it was not spinning. The spinning wheel's angular momentum resists the torque from gravity, causing it to precess instead of fall, making it feel deceptively light. Finally, he sets up an experiment on a scale to see if his combined weight changes when lifting the spinning flywheel.","slug":"anti-gravity-wheel","creator":"veritasium","duration":341.194014,"tags":["Veritasium","Derek Muller","physics","science experiment","gyroscope","gyroscopic precession","angular momentum","flywheel","University of Sydney","torque","physics demonstration"],"transcription":"I am here at the University of Sydney where the mechanical engineering shop has built this incredible piece of apparatus for me. It is a 40 pound, that is 19 kilogram flywheel on the end of a meter-long shaft. Can you imagine trying to hold this out horizontally with just one hand at this end? It is virtually, it is impossible, okay? Now I'm going to let go. You're going to be able to hold this at all? I hope so. Can you lift it out? Make it horizontal. Hold it, hold it, hold it. Come on, just try to, I want you to hold it out horizontal. See if you can. Hold it, hold it. Ah, come on. What I'm going to do is I'm going to spin this up to a few thousand RPM and then I'm going to attempt just that, to hold it from one end and have it out horizontally. Five, four, three, two, one. Boom. I'm going to let go of my left hand. What you'll see is that the shaft remains horizontal. You can see it going around there. It almost looks as though the wheel is weightless. How does this work? Well, instead of pulling the wheel down to the ground as you'd expect, the weight of the wheel creates a torque which pushes it around in a circle. You may recognize this as gyroscopic precession. For a more detailed explanation, click the annotation or the link in the description to see my video on the topic. Here, I want to try something more extreme. I'm going to try to lift it over my head with one hand while it's spinning. Wish me luck. But before I make the attempt, Rod wisely suggests that I first check if I can lift the wheel above my head without it spinning. Let's prove that I can lift it just this end without it spinning. Here we go. How I mean, it's just kind of awkward with the hand. Careful. Just barely. Oh, goodness. Do you even lift? Uh, clearly I do not. Undaunted by my lack of strength, I'm going for it. But I want to make sure that the wheel is spinning as fast as possible to give me the best chance of success. Give it 10 more seconds. 10, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one, go! That was perfect. Now I am going to release my left hand and holding only with my right hand at the end of the shaft, I'll try to lift it up over my head. This is a 40 pound, 19 kilogram flywheel. Ready? Here we go. Three, two, one. Beautiful. Let's go again. In three, two, one. Nice. Three, two, one. It feels incredibly, incredibly light as I do that. When you said it felt incredibly light. Yeah. When you're lifting it feels light? Yeah. Shouldn't. I know. Honestly, I have lifted it up with one hand when it's not spinning. Yeah. And it feels really hard to lift it up. Like it's a big effort. Yeah. But with this, when it's spinning, it honestly felt like it was just wanting to go up by itself. Yes. It felt like I was not struggling, like I was not putting in the amount of force that you'd think to lift that kind of weight. I bet if you let it go, it'd crash down to the ground. It's not weightless. We can't do that, though. We can't do that part of the experiment. What we could maybe do is I could stand on a scale and we could see what the weight of me plus that apparatus does while I'm lifting it up over my head. See if I get lighter in essence. You can see that just my weight is about 72 kilograms. Now when I pick up the flywheel, it goes up to about 91 kilograms, which makes sense because the flywheel itself is about 19 kilos, that's 42 pounds. Now we're going to spin it up and I want you to make a prediction. As I'm lifting it over my head, do you think the scale reading will be more, less than, or equal to 91 kilograms? What do you think? You can make your prediction by clicking on one of the on-screen annotations, or if you're on mobile, you can click a link in the description. Five, four, three, two, one.","timeline":[{"t":2,"speech":"I am here at the University of Sydney where the mechanical engineering shop has built this incredible piece of apparatus for me.","visual":{"action":"A man stands in a large grassy field and speaks directly to the camera.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","brown","white","tan"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man in the foreground is in sharp focus, while the university buildings in the background are slightly soft.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"enthusiastic and educational","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt with a small white 'Ve' logo"},"face":"smiling, speaking with energy, has a beard","hair":"dark brown, slightly messy","hands":"gesturing to his sides as he speaks","pose":"standing, facing the camera","position":"center frame"}],"setting":{"architecture":"Classic brick and stone university buildings.","background":"A large, well-manicured grass field with university buildings in the distance.","lighting":"Bright, direct sunlight from overhead.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":8,"speech":"It is a 40 pound, that is 19 kilogram flywheel on the end of a meter-long shaft.","visual":{"action":"The man kneels down on the grass to show a heavy metal flywheel attached to a long metal rod, which is resting on a wooden block.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","silver","blue","brown","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"high-angle, looking down","focus":"The man and the flywheel apparatus are in focus.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"demonstrative","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"on the grass in front of the man","state":"stationary, resting on a wooden block"},{"color":"light brown","name":"wooden block","position":"under the flywheel apparatus","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"looking down at the apparatus, speaking","hair":"dark brown","hands":"gesturing towards the flywheel","pose":"kneeling on one knee","position":"center frame"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the distant background.","background":"A vast green lawn.","lighting":"Bright, sunny day.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":16,"speech":"Can you imagine trying to hold this out horizontally with just one hand at this end?","visual":{"action":"The man stands up, grips the end of the shaft with both hands, and struggles to lift the heavy flywheel end off the ground to a horizontal position.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","brown","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the flywheel are in focus.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"struggle, demonstrative","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"being lifted by the man","state":"in motion"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"straining, grimacing with effort","hair":"dark brown","hands":"both hands gripping the end of the metal shaft","pose":"standing, bent over, lifting the heavy object","position":"center frame"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"A large green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":25,"speech":"Now I'm going to let go. You're going to be able to hold this at all? I hope so.","visual":{"action":"A second, muscular man in a tank top attempts to hold the flywheel shaft horizontally with one hand, but immediately fails as the weight pulls it down.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","dark blue","skin tone","silver","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The two men and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"challenging, humorous failure","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"being held by the second man","state":"dropping towards the ground"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"smiling, watching the other man","hair":"dark brown","hands":"gesturing","pose":"standing","position":"left of center"},{"age_range":"20s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark shorts with paint splatters","footwear":"flip-flops","top":"dark blue tank top with paint splatters"},"face":"straining, then surprised","hair":"dark, curly","hands":"gripping the shaft, then letting go","pose":"standing, attempting to lift","position":"right of center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"A large green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":39,"speech":"What I'm going to do is I'm going to spin this up to a few thousand RPM and then I'm going to attempt just that, to hold it from one end and have it out horizontally.","visual":{"action":"The main speaker kneels and explains his plan to spin the flywheel, pointing at it. An older man is visible standing in the background.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","tan","white","silver"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The main speaker is in focus.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"anticipatory, explanatory","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"on the ground","state":"stationary"},{"color":"lime green/black","name":"power drill","position":"on the grass behind the man","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"animated, explaining","hair":"dark brown","hands":"pointing and gesturing","pose":"kneeling","position":"center"},{"age_range":"70s","clothing":{"accessories":"white hat","bottom":"khaki pants","footwear":"","top":"light blue button-down shirt"},"face":"smiling, watching","hair":"white","hands":"on hips","pose":"standing","position":"right background"}],"setting":{"architecture":"Stone steps and university buildings in the background.","background":"Green field and stone bleachers.","lighting":"Bright, sunny.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":51,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"An older man uses a lime green power drill to spin the flywheel at high speed while the main speaker holds the shaft steady.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","white","lime green"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The two men and the apparatus are in focus.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"focused, preparatory","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel","position":"center","state":"spinning rapidly"},{"color":"lime green/black","name":"power drill","position":"held by the older man, engaged with the flywheel axle","state":"operating"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"concentrating, looking at the flywheel","hair":"dark brown","hands":"holding the metal shaft steady","pose":"kneeling","position":"left"},{"age_range":"70s","clothing":{"accessories":"white hat, glasses","bottom":"khaki pants","footwear":"","top":"light blue button-down shirt"},"face":"smiling, focused on operating the drill","hair":"white","hands":"holding the power drill","pose":"kneeling","position":"right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":59,"speech":"Boom.","visual":{"action":"The older man removes the drill and the main speaker stands up, holding the now-spinning flywheel apparatus with both hands.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","white","tan"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The main speaker and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"tense, beginning of the demonstration","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel","position":"on the end of the shaft","state":"spinning rapidly"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"concentrated expression","hair":"dark brown","hands":"holding the shaft with both hands","pose":"standing up from a kneel","position":"center"},{"age_range":"70s","clothing":{"accessories":"white hat","bottom":"khaki pants","footwear":"","top":"light blue shirt"},"face":"smiling","hair":"white","hands":"holding the drill","pose":"kneeling","position":"right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":105,"speech":"I'm going to let go of my left hand. What you'll see is that the shaft remains horizontal.","visual":{"action":"The man holds the spinning flywheel out horizontally with just one hand. The apparatus precesses, rotating around him while staying level.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","black","brown"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the precessing flywheel.","framing":"medium wide shot"},"mood":"amazing, counter-intuitive","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"held horizontally by the man","state":"spinning and precessing"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"focused, slightly smiling","hair":"dark brown","hands":"right hand gripping the shaft, left hand is free","pose":"standing, holding the apparatus out","position":"center frame"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":117,"speech":"Well, instead of pulling the wheel down to the ground as you'd expect, the weight of the wheel creates a torque which pushes it around in a circle.","visual":{"action":"A red arrow graphic appears on the flywheel, pointing downwards to represent the force of gravity creating torque.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","red","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The flywheel apparatus.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"explanatory","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"held by the man","state":"spinning and precessing"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"partially visible, looking at the wheel","hair":"dark brown","hands":"holding the shaft with one hand","pose":"standing","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"Red arrow pointing down from the flywheel","location":"on the flywheel","style":"animated graphic"}]}},{"t":122,"speech":"You may recognize this as gyroscopic precession.","visual":{"action":"The man walks in a circle as the flywheel precesses around him. Text appears on screen identifying the phenomenon.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","white","tan"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the flywheel.","framing":"wide shot"},"mood":"educational","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"precessing around the man","state":"spinning"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"looking at the camera","hair":"dark brown","hands":"one hand holding the shaft","pose":"walking in a circle","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings and stone bleachers in the background.","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"Gyroscopic Precession","location":"center of the screen","style":"white serif font"}]}},{"t":127,"speech":"to see my video on the topic.","visual":{"action":"A cut to a different scene shows the man in a classroom setting, demonstrating the same principle with a bicycle wheel hanging from a rope.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","tan","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the bicycle wheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"educational, cross-promotional","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"bicycle wheel","position":"hanging from a rope","state":"spinning and precessing"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"bright blue polo shirt"},"face":"smiling, pointing at the wheel","hair":"dark brown","hands":"pointing at the wheel","pose":"standing","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"A green chalkboard and a classroom wall.","lighting":"Indoor, fluorescent lighting.","location":"Classroom or lecture hall"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"Gyroscopic Precession","location":"top of the screen","style":"white serif font"}]}},{"t":133,"speech":"I'm going to try to lift it over my head with one hand while it's spinning.","visual":{"action":"The scene returns to the grassy field. The man kneels and speaks to the camera, explaining his next, more difficult challenge.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","tan","silver","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"low-angle","focus":"The man's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"determined, challenging","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"on the ground in front of him","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"serious, looking directly at the camera","hair":"dark brown","hands":"resting on his knees","pose":"kneeling","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"Stone bleachers in the background.","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":145,"speech":"Let's prove that I can lift it just this end without it spinning.","visual":{"action":"The man stands up to attempt lifting the non-spinning flywheel over his head as a baseline test of strength.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","black","brown"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"preparatory","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"on the ground","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"determined","hair":"dark brown","hands":"getting into position to lift","pose":"standing","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":156,"speech":"Careful.","visual":{"action":"The man strains immensely, using one hand to lift the non-spinning flywheel apparatus from his shoulder up over his head.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","skin tone","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man's upper body and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"intense struggle","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"being lifted overhead","state":"in motion, wobbling"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"grimacing, teeth clenched with extreme effort","hair":"dark brown","hands":"right hand gripping the shaft, pushing it upwards","pose":"leaning back, straining to lift","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":203,"speech":"Just barely. Oh, goodness. Do you even lift? Uh, clearly I do not.","visual":{"action":"After successfully but with great difficulty lifting the flywheel, he lowers it and makes a self-deprecating joke about his strength.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","black","brown"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"humorous, relieved","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"being lowered to the ground","state":"in motion"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"laughing, smiling","hair":"dark brown","hands":"lowering the apparatus","pose":"standing","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":218,"speech":"Give it 10 more seconds. 10, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one, go!","visual":{"action":"The older man again uses the power drill to spin the flywheel up to maximum speed, while the main speaker holds it and counts down.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","white","lime green"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The two men and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"building anticipation","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel","position":"center","state":"spinning rapidly"},{"color":"lime green/black","name":"power drill","position":"held by the older man","state":"operating"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"smiling, excited, counting down","hair":"dark brown","hands":"holding the shaft steady","pose":"kneeling","position":"left"},{"age_range":"70s","clothing":{"accessories":"white hat","bottom":"khaki pants","footwear":"","top":"light blue shirt"},"face":"smiling","hair":"white","hands":"holding the drill","pose":"kneeling","position":"right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":230,"speech":"Now I am going to release my left hand and holding only with my right hand at the end of the shaft, I'll try to lift it up over my head.","visual":{"action":"The man stands with the spinning flywheel held horizontally in front of him, preparing for the lift.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","black","brown"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"focused, tense","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"held horizontally","state":"spinning"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"serious, concentrating","hair":"dark brown","hands":"both hands on the shaft","pose":"standing","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":246,"speech":"Here we go. Three, two, one.","visual":{"action":"The man smoothly and easily lifts the spinning flywheel over his head with one hand, a stark contrast to his earlier struggle.","colors":{"dominant":"blue","palette":["blue","green","silver","dark blue","skin tone"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"effortless, amazing","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"held high above his head","state":"spinning"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"smiling, looking up at the flywheel in amazement","hair":"dark brown","hands":"right hand holding the shaft overhead","pose":"standing, arm extended upwards","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"A clear blue sky and a green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":251,"speech":"Beautiful. Let's go again.","visual":{"action":"He lowers the flywheel and then effortlessly lifts it over his head again, turning his body to show the ease of the motion.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","dark blue","skin tone"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"confident, demonstrative","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"being lifted and lowered","state":"spinning"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"smiling broadly","hair":"dark brown","hands":"one hand controlling the apparatus","pose":"turning, lifting and lowering the weight","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":305,"speech":"It feels incredibly, incredibly light as I do that.","visual":{"action":"The man performs the lift again, this time near a metal pole and a green trash can, then walks while holding it and commenting on how light it feels.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","tan","grey"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and his movements.","framing":"medium shot, panning to follow him"},"mood":"amazed, reflective","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"held by the man","state":"spinning"},{"color":"green","name":"trash can","position":"right side of the frame","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"smiling, speaking with wonder","hair":"dark brown","hands":"one hand lifting the apparatus","pose":"walking and lifting","position":"moving from center to left"}],"setting":{"architecture":"A modern building with stone steps in the background.","background":"Green lawn, bushes, and a building.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":318,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"A slow-motion replay shows the effortless lift of the spinning flywheel over his head.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","silver","black","skin tone"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man and the flywheel.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"dramatic, analytical","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"moving from horizontal to overhead","state":"spinning, in slow motion"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"concentrated then smiling","hair":"dark brown","hands":"one hand lifting the shaft","pose":"lifting motion in slow motion","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"University buildings in the background.","background":"Green field and blue sky.","lighting":"Bright sunlight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":348,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"A slow-motion replay from a low angle shows the man lifting the flywheel, emphasizing the upward motion against the sky.","colors":{"dominant":"blue","palette":["blue","black","silver","green","skin tone"]},"composition":{"angle":"low-angle","focus":"The man and the flywheel.","framing":"full shot"},"mood":"epic, awe-inspiring","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"being lifted overhead","state":"spinning, in slow motion"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"black sneakers","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"in silhouette against the sun","hair":"dark brown","hands":"one hand lifting the shaft","pose":"lifting motion","position":"center, silhouetted"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"A clear blue sky with the bright sun at the top of the frame.","lighting":"Backlit by the sun.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":359,"speech":"When you said it felt incredibly light. Yeah. When you're lifting it feels light? Yeah. Shouldn't. I know.","visual":{"action":"The flywheel has stopped spinning. The main speaker is kneeling on the ground, talking with the older man who is now standing beside him.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","tan","white","silver"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The two men talking.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"inquisitive, conversational","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"flywheel apparatus","position":"on the ground","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"looking up, talking","hair":"dark brown","hands":"on his hips","pose":"kneeling","position":"left"},{"age_range":"70s","clothing":{"accessories":"white hat, glasses","bottom":"khaki pants","footwear":"dark shoes","top":"light blue shirt"},"face":"smiling, talking","hair":"white","hands":"gesturing","pose":"standing","position":"right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":418,"speech":"it honestly felt like it was just wanting to go up by itself. Yes.","visual":{"action":"The main speaker is talking to the older man, explaining the sensation of lifting the spinning flywheel.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","white","tan","skin tone"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The two men's faces.","framing":"medium close-up"},"mood":"explanatory, marvelling","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"animated, explaining","hair":"dark brown","hands":"gesturing","pose":"standing","position":"left"},{"age_range":"70s","clothing":{"accessories":"white hat, glasses","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light blue shirt"},"face":"listening intently, nodding","hair":"white","hands":"clasped","pose":"standing","position":"right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field and a metal pole.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":440,"speech":"What we could maybe do is I could stand on a scale and we could see what the weight of me plus that apparatus does while I'm lifting it up over my head.","visual":{"action":"The man proposes a new experiment involving a scale to measure the perceived change in weight.","colors":{"dominant":"green","palette":["green","blue","white","tan","skin tone"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The two men.","framing":"medium close-up"},"mood":"scientific, curious","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"dark blue polo shirt"},"face":"proposing an idea","hair":"dark brown","hands":"gesturing","pose":"standing","position":"left"},{"age_range":"70s","clothing":{"accessories":"white hat, glasses","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light blue shirt"},"face":"listening, looking thoughtful","hair":"white","hands":"clasped","pose":"standing","position":"right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"Green field.","lighting":"Bright daylight.","location":"A sports field at the University of Sydney"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":446,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"The scene changes to a paved area next to a building. 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