{"id":262,"title":"G-force, jerk, and a giant centrifuge","description":"Tom Scott visits the Royal Air Force's training centrifuge at Farnborough to experience high G-forces. Experts explain the history of G-force research, including the harrowing rocket sled tests of the 1950s, and the physiological effects of extreme acceleration on the human body. After being briefed on anti-G straining maneuvers, Tom undergoes a simulated flight profile, ultimately experiencing a G-force induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) before recovering.","slug":"g-force-jerk-and-a-giant-centrifuge","creator":"TomScottGo","duration":288.043537,"tags":["Tom Scott","centrifuge","g-force","Royal Air Force","RAF","aviation medicine","physics","acceleration","G-LOC","science","human endurance","QinetiQ"],"transcription":"This is the Royal Air Force training centrifuge at Farnborough. And the team here are going to push me as far as they are allowed to push a civilian. The centrifuge has been here since 1955. The device was originally installed for research purposes although these days it's used for training as as much as it is for research. And what it does is recreate the forces that you feel in an aircraft. For our routine pilot training, the first time pilots go on the centrifuge, we expect them to get up to 5G without a G-suit and then up to 7G with an anti-G-suit. Now, I'm not taking a significant risk here. I'm healthy, I've pulled a few Gs before, and the human body can take this. And the reason we know that is because in the 1950s, the US Air Force used rocket sleds to push volunteers to incredible speeds. But that rocket-powered acceleration wasn't the dangerous or even the really high-G part of the test. See, high-G acceleration takes a lot of incredibly expensive rockets or a big old centrifuge like this. But high-G deceleration, all you need for that is a wall. Or for something less destructive, like the rocket sleds, you use scoops dropped down into a water trough. US Air Force flight surgeon John Stapp, aboard the rocket sled Sonic Wind number one, holds the record for the highest sustained G-force anyone has ever voluntarily endured: 25G for 1.1 seconds with a brief peak over 46G. And he was badly injured, but he survived and he recovered and he lived to the age of 89. The human body is an incredible thing, particularly because we didn't evolve for this. G-tolerance is something that's innate in all of us. Some of us have high G-tolerance, some of us have low G-tolerance. Over the years, people's G-tolerance doesn't really adapt. Any shortfall in G-tolerance has really got to be made up by physical exertion in the G-straining maneuver. What this centrifuge doesn't have is much jerk. And jerk is a technical term. In the same way that acceleration is the rate of change of speed, jerk is the rate of change of acceleration. And because it takes time to spin up and spin down... oh, here we go... even though the acceleration is high, the jerk here is relatively low, about 1G per second. Jerk is the difference between a rocket to space, which might take a couple of minutes to reach peak acceleration, and a fighter jet, where maneuvers might change the G-force acting on you in a fraction of a second. And it can go further than that. You can measure the rate of change of jerk, which is called snap or jounce. The two derivatives after that are called crackle and pop, but they're not all that useful in the real world. As we increase the G that Tom is exposed to, the blood's going to be pushed down into his feet and he's going to have to work really hard to push that blood back up to feed oxygen to his brain to keep him conscious. And in real life, we would be expecting that person to be flying an aircraft whilst doing that. I'm getting a little bit of grey-out. I can't quite see. We teach the anti-G straining maneuver, which composes of two separate parts. First of all, muscle tensing, so both the buttocks and the legs, squeezing the blood vessels to try and get the blood back up into the chest and the head. But also the second part is a breathing maneuver which increases the strain in the chest, directly increasing the blood pressure to the great vessels in the chest and keeping him conscious. And when you lose blood pressure to your head, you could even lose consciousness, and we term that G-induced loss of consciousness, or G-LOC. Blimey. I lost everything there. Wow. G-LOC in itself is not dangerous, but the real point is when you G-LOC, you're flying an aircraft. So if you're not able to fly that aircraft, I'm sure you can appreciate that that is a real problem. Because of John Stapp and all the volunteers like him that rode the rocket sleds, there is a lot of research into acceleration on the human body. How many Gs can be withstood for minutes at a time? How many Gs can be withstood for brief moments? And how many can be withstood with training that I clearly don't have. Rocket scientists and roller coaster designers use that data, but there's not much research into jerk, because how would you test it without also testing acceleration? Over on the Starship channel, I am not passing out pulling Gs with the Blades aerobatic team. And as for this video, thank you so much to all the team at the RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine, to the team at QinetiQ, and to the team at Starship.","timeline":[{"t":0,"speech":"This is the Royal Air Force training centrifuge at Farnborough. And the team here are going to push me as far as they are allowed to push a civilian.","visual":{"action":"A man stands in a large room and gestures towards a massive, grey, lattice-like metal structure.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["light grey","dark grey","beige","dark blue","red"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man in the foreground is in focus, the centrifuge behind him is slightly softer.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"Informative and anticipatory.","objects":[{"color":"grey","name":"human centrifuge arm","position":"left and center, behind the person","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"small lavalier microphone","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"dark sneakers","top":"light grey hoodie over a red t-shirt"},"face":"smiling, speaking","hair":"blond, medium length","hands":"left hand gesturing towards the centrifuge","pose":"standing, facing camera","position":"center-right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"large, industrial, high ceilings","background":"A plain beige wall with a blue 'QinetiQ' logo.","lighting":"bright, even, fluorescent overhead lighting","location":"Royal Air Force training facility, Farnborough"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":7,"speech":"The centrifuge has been here since 1955. The device was originally installed for research purposes although these days it's used for training as as much as it is for research.","visual":{"action":"A man in a military uniform is speaking directly to the camera.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["light blue","grey","brown","red","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The man is in sharp focus, background is blurred.","framing":"medium close-up"},"mood":"Authoritative and professional.","objects":[{"color":"red","name":"industrial equipment","position":"background, right","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"40s-50s","clothing":{"accessories":"lavalier microphone","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light blue Royal Air Force short-sleeve uniform shirt"},"face":"neutral expression, speaking","hair":"short, brown","hands":"not visible","pose":"sitting","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"industrial workshop or hangar","background":"blurry background with metal shelves and equipment","lighting":"soft, diffused lighting","location":"Workshop within the training facility"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"Wing Commander Nic Green","location":"bottom left","style":"white text on a dark bar"},{"content":"Consultant in Aviation Medicine","location":"bottom left","style":"smaller white text on a dark bar"}]}},{"t":22,"speech":"For our routine pilot training, the first time pilots go on the centrifuge, we expect them to get up to 5G without a G-suit and then up to 7G with an anti-G-suit.","visual":{"action":"A man in a flight suit sits inside the centrifuge's cockpit as it remains stationary.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["olive green","grey","black","tan","white"]},"composition":{"angle":"low angle, looking up","focus":"The pilot inside the cockpit.","framing":"close-up on the cockpit"},"mood":"Calm, preparatory.","objects":[{"color":"black","name":"cockpit interior","position":"surrounding the person","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"harness","bottom":"olive green flight suit","footwear":"","top":"olive green flight suit"},"face":"looking up, calm","hair":"short, dark","hands":"not visible","pose":"sitting, strapped into a seat","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"interior of a flight simulator cockpit","background":"The metal frame of the centrifuge is visible through the canopy.","lighting":"bright interior light from above","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":39,"speech":"And the reason we know that is because in the 1950s, the US Air Force used rocket sleds to push volunteers to incredible speeds.","visual":{"action":"Several men in vintage clothing adjust a helmet and suit on a man sitting in an open-air test vehicle.","colors":{"dominant":"white","palette":["white","black","grey","tan","dark green"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The group of men around the test subject.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"Historical, serious, tense.","objects":[{"color":"white","name":"helmet","position":"on test subject's head","state":"being adjusted"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s-40s","clothing":{"accessories":"hats","bottom":"trousers","footwear":"","top":"jackets and coats"},"face":"concentrated expressions","hair":"","hands":"adjusting equipment on the seated man","pose":"standing around a seated man","position":"grouped in the center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"outdoors, open area","background":"a bright, possibly desert landscape","lighting":"harsh, natural sunlight","location":"Archival footage of a US Air Force test site"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"Space Age Railroad (1969)","location":"bottom center","style":"white text on a dark bar"},{"content":"USAF / Public domain","location":"bottom center","style":"smaller white text on a dark bar"}]}},{"t":55,"speech":"of incredibly expensive rockets or a big old centrifuge like this.","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott gestures with his hands while talking, then points towards the centrifuge.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["light grey","dark grey","beige","dark blue","red"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"Tom Scott is in focus.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"Explanatory.","objects":[{"color":"grey","name":"centrifuge arm","position":"background","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"lavalier microphone","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"animated, speaking","hair":"blond, medium length","hands":"gesturing to explain a concept, then points left","pose":"standing","position":"center-right"}],"setting":{"architecture":"large, industrial, high ceilings","background":"A plain beige wall with the centrifuge structure.","lighting":"bright, even, fluorescent overhead lighting","location":"Royal Air Force training facility, Farnborough"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":108,"speech":"US Air Force flight surgeon John Stapp, aboard the rocket sled Sonic Wind number one,","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott climbs up the metal lattice structure of the centrifuge arm.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["grey","dark blue","beige","black","red"]},"composition":{"angle":"low angle","focus":"Tom Scott as he moves.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"Active, demonstrative.","objects":[{"color":"grey","name":"centrifuge arm structure","position":"all around the person","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"dark sneakers","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"concentrated","hair":"blond","hands":"gripping the metal bars to climb","pose":"climbing, moving from right to left","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"industrial lattice structure","background":"the beige wall of the facility","lighting":"bright, even lighting","location":"On the centrifuge arm"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":120,"speech":"And he was badly injured, but he survived and he recovered and he lived to the age of 89.","visual":{"action":"A man in a helmet and neck brace is attended to by others. He appears dazed and possibly injured, with visible bruising or blood on his face.","colors":{"dominant":"black","palette":["black","white","grey","dark red","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The injured man's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Sobering, documenting injury.","objects":[{"color":"white","name":"helmet","position":"on man's head","state":"stationary"},{"color":"white","name":"neck brace","position":"around man's neck","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s-40s","clothing":{"accessories":"helmet, neck brace","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"dark jacket"},"face":"bruised, swollen eyes, dazed expression","hair":"dark, visible under helmet","hands":"one hand is being held by an attendant","pose":"sitting, being tended to","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"","background":"blurry figures of other people","lighting":"natural, outdoor light","location":"Archival footage of a US Air Force test site"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"Space Age Railroad (1969)","location":"bottom center","style":"white text on a dark bar"},{"content":"USAF / Public domain","location":"bottom center","style":"smaller white text on a dark bar"}]}},{"t":133,"speech":"G-tolerance is something that's innate in all of us. Some of us have high G-tolerance, some of us have low G-tolerance.","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott enters the centrifuge gondola.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["grey","black","olive green","beige","dark blue"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"Tom Scott.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"Transitional, moving into the experiment phase.","objects":[{"color":"black","name":"gondola/cockpit","position":"center","state":"open"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"neutral expression","hair":"blond","hands":"holding onto the cockpit frame","pose":"stepping into the cockpit","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"industrial","background":"The interior of the facility","lighting":"bright, even lighting","location":"At the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":146,"speech":"What this centrifuge doesn't have is much jerk.","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott sits strapped into the centrifuge cockpit, looking at the camera mounted in front of him.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","olive green","tan","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view, from a camera mounted in the cockpit","focus":"Tom Scott's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Informative, calm before the storm.","objects":[{"color":"tan","name":"safety harness","position":"over his shoulders and chest","state":"fastened"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"calm, speaking to camera","hair":"blond","hands":"not visible","pose":"sitting upright in a seat","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cramped cockpit interior with metal framing","background":"The facility is visible through the canopy behind him.","lighting":"bright light from above","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  1.0","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.0g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":200,"speech":"oh, here we go...","visual":{"action":"The centrifuge gondola, seen from the outside, begins to swing outwards as the arm starts to rotate and pick up speed.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["grey","black","white","red","beige"]},"composition":{"angle":"low angle, looking up","focus":"The moving gondola.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"Action beginning, building intensity.","objects":[{"color":"black","name":"centrifuge gondola","position":"center","state":"rotating and swinging outward"}],"people":[],"setting":{"architecture":"industrial","background":"The white ceiling and lights of the facility.","lighting":"bright, fluorescent","location":"Royal Air Force training facility, Farnborough"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  1.2","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.4g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":204,"speech":"even though the acceleration is high, the jerk here is relatively low, about 1G per second.","visual":{"action":"Inside the cockpit, Tom Scott's face begins to show the strain of the G-forces, his cheeks pulling down slightly.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","olive green","tan","black"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view, from a camera mounted in the cockpit","focus":"Tom Scott's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Strained, intense.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"strained, cheeks pulled down, still speaking","hair":"blond","hands":"not visible","pose":"sitting, pressed back into his seat","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"facility visible through canopy","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  2.0","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.0g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":228,"speech":"As we increase the G that Tom is exposed to, the blood's going to be pushed down into his feet and he's going to have to work really hard to push that blood back up to feed oxygen to his brain to keep him conscious.","visual":{"action":"A woman in a flight suit speaks to the camera, gesturing with her hands to explain a concept.","colors":{"dominant":"olive green","palette":["olive green","grey","silver","blue","purple"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"The woman is in sharp focus.","framing":"medium close-up"},"mood":"Expert, clinical.","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"panel with pressure gauges","position":"background, left","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s-40s","clothing":{"accessories":"lavalier microphone, patches on flight suit","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"olive green flight suit over a purple t-shirt"},"face":"serious, speaking","hair":"brown, tied back","hands":"gesturing to emphasize her points","pose":"sitting","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"technical or medical room","background":"A wall-mounted panel with numerous pressure gauges and dials.","lighting":"soft, even lighting","location":"Control or equipment room"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"Squadron Leader Bonnie Posselt","location":"bottom center","style":"white text on a dark bar"},{"content":"Registrar in Aviation and Space Medicine","location":"bottom center","style":"smaller white text on a dark bar"}]}},{"t":244,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"Inside the cockpit, Tom Scott smiles and raises his hands, palms open, as the G-force increases. His face is heavily distorted by the force.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","olive green","tan","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view, from a camera mounted in the cockpit","focus":"Tom Scott.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Playful but extremely strained.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"grinning, cheeks and jowls pulled down significantly","hair":"blond","hands":"raised up to shoulder level, palms facing forward","pose":"sitting, being subjected to high G-force","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"blurred view through canopy","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  3.6","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.0g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":248,"speech":"I'm getting a little bit of grey-out. I can't quite see.","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott lowers his hands and speaks with difficulty, his vision beginning to fade.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","olive green","tan","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view","focus":"Tom Scott's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Alarming, physiological distress.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"strained, mouth open, speaking with effort","hair":"blond","hands":"lowered out of frame","pose":"sitting, experiencing grey-out","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"blurred view through canopy","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  3.6","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.0g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":252,"speech":"We teach the anti-G straining maneuver, which composes of two separate parts.","visual":{"action":"Squadron Leader Bonnie Posselt continues her explanation.","colors":{"dominant":"olive green","palette":["olive green","grey","silver","blue","purple"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"Bonnie Posselt.","framing":"medium close-up"},"mood":"Educational, clinical.","objects":[{"color":"silver","name":"panel with pressure gauges","position":"background, left","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s-40s","clothing":{"accessories":"flight suit with 'AEROMED PHYSICIAN' and 'BONNIE POSSELT' patches","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"olive green flight suit"},"face":"speaking clearly","hair":"brown, tied back","hands":"gesturing","pose":"sitting","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"technical room","background":"A wall-mounted panel with pressure gauges.","lighting":"soft, even lighting","location":"Control or equipment room"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":315,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"Inside the cockpit, Tom Scott's head is tilted back and his eyes are closed as he strains against the G-force.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","olive green","tan","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view","focus":"Tom Scott's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Extreme physical exertion.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"tense, eyes closed, mouth slightly open, straining","hair":"blond","hands":"out of frame","pose":"sitting, head tilted back","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  3.5","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.4g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":325,"speech":"(Straining noises)","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott performs the anti-G straining maneuver, making loud, sharp exhalations while tensing his muscles. His face is red and contorted with effort.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","red","tan","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view","focus":"Tom Scott's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Intense, struggling.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"red, contorted, mouth open in a grimace, exhaling forcefully","hair":"blond","hands":"out of frame","pose":"sitting, actively straining","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  3.6","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.0g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":332,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott suddenly goes limp, his head slumping forward and to the side. He has lost consciousness.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","tan","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view","focus":"Tom Scott.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Shocking, clinical.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"slack, unconscious","hair":"blond","hands":"limp","pose":"slumped forward in his seat","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  2.3","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk -1.4g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":337,"speech":"","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott's head lifts up suddenly as he regains consciousness. He looks around, dazed and confused, his eyes blinking rapidly.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","tan","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view","focus":"Tom Scott's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Disoriented, recovering.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"confused, dazed, blinking","hair":"blond","hands":"out of frame","pose":"sitting up, looking around","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"g  1.0","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"},{"content":"jerk 0.0g/s","location":"top right","style":"white text on black background"}]}},{"t":343,"speech":"Blimey. I lost everything there. Wow.","visual":{"action":"Having recovered, Tom Scott expresses his shock and amazement at having lost consciousness.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["dark grey","light grey","tan","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"point-of-view","focus":"Tom Scott's face.","framing":"close-up"},"mood":"Surprised, incredulous.","objects":[],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"safety harness","bottom":"","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"wide-eyed, surprised expression, speaking","hair":"blond","hands":"out of frame","pose":"sitting upright","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"","lighting":"bright interior light","location":"Inside the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":359,"speech":"Because of John Stapp and all the volunteers like him that rode the rocket sleds, there is a lot of research into acceleration on the human body.","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott is now out of the gondola and sitting on its edge, talking to the camera while regaining his composure.","colors":{"dominant":"grey","palette":["grey","black","olive green","dark blue","skin tones"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"Tom Scott.","framing":"medium shot"},"mood":"Reflective, post-experience.","objects":[{"color":"black","name":"gondola/cockpit","position":"surrounding him","state":"stationary, open"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"smiling slightly, looks a bit tired","hair":"blond, slightly disheveled","hands":"one hand resting on his leg, the other on the cockpit edge","pose":"sitting on the edge of the cockpit","position":"center"}],"setting":{"architecture":"cockpit interior","background":"The interior of the facility is visible through the cockpit window.","lighting":"bright, even lighting","location":"At the centrifuge gondola"},"text_on_screen":[]}},{"t":427,"speech":"Over on the Starship channel, I am not passing out pulling Gs with the Blades aerobatic team.","visual":{"action":"Tom Scott stands in the main room again, delivering his outro and pointing off-camera.","colors":{"dominant":"beige","palette":["beige","grey","light grey","dark blue","red"]},"composition":{"angle":"eye-level","focus":"Tom Scott.","framing":"wide shot"},"mood":"Informative, concluding.","objects":[{"color":"grey","name":"centrifuge","position":"background, left","state":"stationary"}],"people":[{"age_range":"30s","clothing":{"accessories":"lavalier microphone","bottom":"dark blue jeans","footwear":"","top":"light grey hoodie"},"face":"smiling, speaking","hair":"blond","hands":"gesturing","pose":"standing","position":"center-left"}],"setting":{"architecture":"large, industrial, high ceilings","background":"The centrifuge arm and the beige, curved wall of the facility.","lighting":"bright, even lighting","location":"Royal Air Force training facility, Farnborough"},"text_on_screen":[{"content":"BUILT FOR SCIENCE","location":"center left","style":"large, white, bold, sans-serif text"},{"content":"tomscott.com @tomscott /tomscott tomscottgo","location":"bottom","style":"white text and social media icons on a dark bar"}]}}],"created_at":"2026-04-11 17:57:51","processed_at":"2026-04-11 18:05:55","view_count":1,"thumbnail":"/data/videos/1024dcd8-e392-44b9-a10d-48d4d051502f/thumbnail.jpg","video":"/data/videos/1024dcd8-e392-44b9-a10d-48d4d051502f/web.mp4","urls":{"page":"/v/g-force-jerk-and-a-giant-centrifuge","api":"/api/v1/videos/g-force-jerk-and-a-giant-centrifuge","timeline_file":"/data/videos/1024dcd8-e392-44b9-a10d-48d4d051502f/timeline.json"}}