Let's pause here. I'm driving on the road that separates Haiti from the Dominican Republic. Right here. It's the border that divides two very different countries. If you're born in Haiti, you're two and a half times more likely to die as a baby than if you're born in the DR. You'll be almost ten times poorer, and you can expect to have a much shorter life. I came here to find out how the two countries that share this one island can be so different. With a politically volatile and impoverished Haiti on one side, and the stable and relatively rich Dominican Republic on the other. How did this line produce two totally different worlds? My journey starts here, at this beach village in Southern Haiti, where Haitian merchants, most of them women, are preparing for a nighttime boat ride. The women boarding this boat have one goal: to make it to the border where they will be let into a Dominican market to buy and sell goods before returning to their villages. It's international trade at its most informal. We're taking these boats because the next-door mountain range makes the land journey almost impossible. These worn-out wooden boats have been making this exact journey twice per week for decades, and yet the process remains chaotic and unorganized, as if it's happening for the first time. All of this energy, time, and effort, all to transport a handful of goods that in most countries would be shipped in bulk inside one of these. We make this seven-hour journey to the border town, arriving around 4:00 AM. The sun rises and we walk to the border market. This market was established right on the border as a partnership between the two nations to give vendors from both sides a place to buy and sell on equal footing. As we approach the border, I quickly realize that's not what's happening here. So I'm looking across the border right now into the market, and you can see that Dominicans are already setting up. This is one of the big complaints of the Haitians. They're stuck on this side waiting to cross the border, and the border guards are just delaying it, and meanwhile the Dominicans are able to set up and get the best spots. They will never treat you the way they are supposed to treat you. You know, Dominicans don't like Haitians. These Haitians come from miles away on this grueling boat journey that I know now firsthand is very grueling, and they get to the border and the guards stop them for no reason. It's supposed to open it up for everyone at the same time. I don't know why. But they won't let us in. The guards keep the Haitian women from crossing, not letting anyone know how long it will be. The tension grows, and then finally, hours after the Dominicans were allowed to enter, the guards open up the bridge. They buy and sell for the day before returning to the boats to make the journey home. The grueling boat journey, the senseless discrimination, it embodies the asymmetry that exists on this island. Watching it happen, it's impossible not to ask how it got like this. There are a few key things that explain how this island produced two very different countries. But if you want to get at the very root of it, you have to go back to when this island was owned by two European powers, France and Spain. This island is actually the first place that Christopher Columbus set up a colony in the New World on his first voyage back in like 1490s. France wanted a piece of this island because it was rich in resources like sugar and coffee. So they fought a war with the Spanish, and they ended up splitting the island in two. One side would be the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, and the other side would be the French colony with the same name, Saint-Domingue, just in French. And that is the most important part of understanding this whole thing, is how these imperial powers treated their colonial possessions. The French exploited the land. They brought in tons of slaves, and they were interested in making Saint-Domingue solely an economic producer. They destroyed the soil from aggressively harvesting the same crop year after year, and they created a group of very resentful, overworked, and abused slaves that eventually rebelled. The Spanish had a different approach. After establishing domination on this island by massacring the indigenous population, they didn't exploit it like the French did. Instead, they went to places like Mexico and Peru to look for gold. So they didn't bring nearly as many slaves onto this island, and as a result, they weren't nearly as profitable a colony. Instead, the Spanish integrated with the remaining indigenous population by recognizing the native leaders' authority and intermarrying with the locals. The result was a smaller and more racially mixed population with a sustainable economy and a political system, something totally absent from France's colony. This becomes really important in the early 1800s when independence comes around. Haiti declares independence, fights off the French, and basically declares itself the first black former slave republic in the world. They do so with very little framework for a society and for a government. And they also do so with land that has been exploited year after year with the same crop, which basically destroys the fertility of the land. And to add to all of that, because they were this first black republic, the world essentially isolated them. The United States didn't want to recognize the independence of a black nation. They thought it might become a slave empire and seek revenge. The French showed up on Haitian shores soon after independence and said, "You owe us a debt for all of the assets that you stole from us when you became independent, all these economic assets. You owe us that debt, and you have to pay it over the next 30 years." This crippling debt Haiti did pay back over years, but it really hampered their development. This history doesn't exonerate the dictators and corrupt politicians that have plagued Haiti's development since its independence, but it helps explain them. Suffocating embargoes and the independence debt, as well as the lack of any tradition or investment in governmental institutions, guaranteed Haiti's failure from the moment it was born. And a racist world made sure of it. That racism isn't just embedded into Haiti's history. It is in fact very alive today. As I drive up the border, by coincidence my driver is also a Dominican border patrol official. We have hours in the car where he slowly and cautiously tells me about how immigration policy has changed in the Dominican Republic in recent years. Look, the Dominican government has made a decision to know, to regularize, to know where all the Haitians are in the Dominican Republic, to know where they are, and to know how many there are, and to know what each one is up to. And it's with this intention that we've developed the "regularization program." Regularization program. That's a euphemism. He's talking about a policy of targeting anyone of Haitian descent, even citizens, rounding them up and deporting them. There's always been anti-Haitian sentiment in the Dominican Republic, usually resulting in racist violence. But since 2010, that sentiment has been seeping into legislation. The Dominican Constitution that was drafted in 1929 says that anyone born in the country is automatically a citizen, even if your parents were undocumented immigrants. This is the same in places like the United States. But the DR rewrote its constitution in 2010 to only give citizenship to those born on DR soil to legal residents. Then in 2013, the High Court in the DR ruled that this new definition would be applied retroactively all the way back to 1929, meaning any citizen who had been born in the DR to undocumented parents would have their citizenship revoked. More than 200,000 Dominican citizens were suddenly stateless. This is clearly an illegal act. It is an immoral act. It is a racist act by the Dominican government. And it's happening because these people are black. If they're born here, aren't they automatically a citizen? No. It used to be like that. But now they have to put their names on a foreigner registry. Dominican law said that if these stateless people wanted to stay in the DR, they would have to go to a government office and put their name on this foreigner registry. The government gave these people one year to either get their name on the registry or face deportation. Over 55,000 have been officially deported since the June 2015 deadline. The UN estimates that 128,000 people have voluntarily fled to Haiti, a country many of them have never lived in. Some came here to this camp on the border where they've been living in limbo for years. Some people are apprehended on the street, and others are detained at their homes. When they took me, I was coming home from work; they detained me, threw me in a car and sent me away. They threatened to kill us, so I took my child and moved over here, and now we have been here for two years. Having 200,000 people being able to vote in an election could change an outcome. I had livestock, and I took my pigs and hid them. Two or three days later, they came back again. They burned my house and everything in it. It's like I gave my pigs away for no reason, and I gave them the land. They burned my mom's house. They told me that if we stayed, they would kill us. Here, we sleep peacefully. When we were living in the DR, and they were chasing out all the Haitians, we were always afraid. Afraid they would come detain, mistreat or kill us. The moment I cross into the DR, I start to see what this crackdown looks like. On a 75-kilometer bus ride, we pass eight security checkpoints in which security personnel board the bus to eye "who is on it" and in some cases check papers. But each time we stopped, they seemed to only check the papers of the same few passengers. He just checked the passports of the three darkest dudes on the bus. Me and the two guys in front of me. We're the darkest guys on this bus. Those are the only passports they checked. That's my translator, Pascal. He's an American citizen, but everywhere we go in the DR, security forces keep asking him for his passport. Halfway through the journey, we pull off the road into a facility where a few young military guys are sitting around, and our driver brings this woman and her two children over to the military guys. She's speaking in perfect Dominican Spanish to them, claiming that her children are Dominican and that the driver brought us to this checkpoint to turn her in because she's black. None of this seems to matter. She doesn't have her papers, and her skin color seems to be all the guards need to see. You just don't want it, and it's not the police. Haiti's land and people were abused when it was a colony of slaves. The world then shunned it with embargoes and independence debts when it was a new nation. And today, Haitians in the DR experience racism that is overt enough to be enshrined in law. As we drive up this very curvy road, I have the DR to my right and Haiti to my left. Back when the French were here, this was the richest colony on Earth. But that came at a price, not only to abused slaves, but also to the land that they worked. Clear-cutting and single-crop planting continued after the French left. But instead of being used to make fancy French furniture, the trees were burned to cook food. This explains what I'm seeing when on my right there's lush jungle. And on my left, there's bare and eroding hillsides. Zoom out a little bit, and it's very clear. I follow the border road all the way north until I hit another market town. I wanted to see if the same discriminatory dynamics played out up here as they did down south. This market was built with money from the European Union and the UN Development Program with the specific intention of creating a space where communities from both sides could come and buy and sell on equal footing. We're rolling through the market, and once again, like we saw in the southern market, the Dominicans are first setting up. I walk to the border and find this huge group of people at this gap in the fence paying a border guard to get in early. The dynamic is the same as down south, only with a few more overt bribes and border guards who seem to have no problem hitting Haitians with a stick. After hours of waiting for guards to open the gate for everyone, the Haitians are finally let in. And they beat Haitians. [They say] Haitians are worse than dogs. They treat us like dogs, like we're disposable, like trash. Our situation is so bad, we have no choice. Even though we suffer mistreatment, we have to keep going. We have no other choice. We have to keep coming back. We have no choice but to continue accepting mistreatment. We're shameless. This is a story about a border that separates two vastly different countries. But it's more so a story about policy. How centuries of racist policies from the French, from the US, from the world, from the DR, can hold the nation back from progressing. Haiti, this first black republic, has experienced some of the most predatory and racist policy from outside forces. For Haitians, this story isn't just their history, it's their present. It's the stage on which they live their lives. So, I want to say a big thank you to Lululemon, who is a sponsor for Borders. They sent me these ABC pants, which are these really versatile, flexible pants. They're super sturdy, and they're meant to be basically used for hiking and for activewear, but also around the house when I'm just kind of hanging out. I've been using them for both as I've been making Borders. I love them. Thank you Lululemon for sending me these pants. But more importantly, thank you for sponsoring Borders and making this happen. If you want to try out some Lululemon ABC pants, you can get a pair of your own. You should definitely check that out.
A young boy in a white t-shirt and yellow shorts looks up at a woman in a red and white striped dress, who is holding a baby and a red backpack. Two military personnel in camouflage uniforms are visible in the background, one seated with a rifle.
Setting: outdoor, possibly a border crossing area — bright, natural sunlight
People (4):
• standing, leaning forward, wearing white t-shirt with red stain and yellow shorts, short, dark hair — looking up, mouth slightly open
• standing, wearing red and white striped dress and red and white striped dress, dark, pulled back hair — partially obscured
• being held, wearing red and white striped top and light blue diaper, dark, short hair — partially obscured
• seated, relaxed, wearing camouflage jacket and camouflage pants, short, dark hair — partially obscured by cap
A person on a motorcycle drives away from the camera on a dirt road, surrounded by green hills and a bright blue sky with white clouds. The road is unpaved and dusty.
Setting: rural mountain road — bright sunlight
People (1):
• riding motorcycle, wearing t-shirt and jeans, short, dark hair — obscured by helmet
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, is seen from the side, smiling and looking forward while riding on the back of a motorcycle. He is wearing a dark backpack. A wide, muddy river is visible behind him, and lush green hills rise in the distance under a bright sky.
"Let's pause here. I'm driving on the road that separates Haiti from the Dominican Republic. Right here."
Setting: rural road crossing a river — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• riding on motorcycle, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and unseen, short, brown, styled hair — smiling, looking forward
Text: "JOHNNY HARRIS"
The camera pans across a vast landscape of lush green mountains under a dramatic sky filled with large, white and grey clouds. The terrain appears rugged and densely vegetated.
Setting: mountainous landscape — natural, overcast
An animated map of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is shown from an aerial perspective. The island is green, surrounded by dark blue ocean. A white line traces the border between the two countries, highlighting the division.
Setting: aerial map view — simulated daylight
The animated map zooms in on the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. A yellow arrow points to the border line, emphasizing its location. The land is green and textured, with some cloud cover visible.
Setting: aerial map view — simulated daylight
The animated map of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is shown again, with the names of the countries appearing clearly on their respective sides of the border. The island is green against a dark blue ocean background.
"It's the border that divides two very different countries."
Setting: aerial map view — simulated daylight
Text: "HAITI", "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"
An aerial shot captures a lush green coastline with dense foliage covering hills that slope down to a turquoise ocean. Waves gently break on the shore, and a few small buildings are nestled among the trees near the beach.
Setting: tropical coastline — bright natural sunlight
A wide shot of a heavily polluted beach shows goats foraging among piles of plastic trash. Two rusty shipping containers with painted murals are visible on the left, and palm trees line the background. The ocean waves crash onto the littered shore.
Setting: polluted beach — overcast daylight
Inside a crowded, open-air vehicle, several men are seated. The man in the center looks directly at the camera with a serious expression. The vehicle appears old and weathered, with visible rust and peeling paint on the ceiling.
Setting: moving vehicle — natural light from outside
People (3):
• seated, wearing dark t-shirt and unseen, short, dark dreadlocks hair — serious, looking at camera
• seated, wearing blue t-shirt with white logo and unseen, bald hair — partially obscured, looking left
• seated, wearing dark t-shirt and unseen, short, dark hair — partially obscured, looking left
An aerial shot shows waves crashing onto a rocky beach lined with palm trees. Small buildings are visible among the trees, and the sky is overcast, suggesting dusk or dawn. The water is a deep blue-green.
Setting: coastal village — soft, natural light
A full moon casts a bright reflection on the dark ocean at night. The sky is cloudy, and two dark, indistinct structures rise from the water, silhouetted against the moonlight. The scene is calm and dark.
Setting: ocean at night — moonlight
A bustling street scene in a town nestled against a steep, densely populated hillside. Vehicles and people move along the street, and buildings of various sizes line the road. Lush green trees are scattered throughout the town.
"If you're born in Haiti, you're two and a half times more likely to die as a baby than if you're born in the DR."
Setting: urban street — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A white SUV with a roof rack drives past the camera on a busy street. The camera quickly pans, showing other vehicles and buildings in the background. The scene is bustling with activity.
Setting: urban street — bright natural sunlight
Three young boys stand amidst a large pile of garbage on a beach. One boy in a light blue t-shirt pulls up his shirt, revealing yellow underwear. Palm trees are visible in the background, and the sky is overcast.
Setting: polluted beach — overcast daylight
People (3):
• standing, wearing grey t-shirt, open and unseen, short, dark hair — neutral expression
• standing, wearing light blue t-shirt with skull graphic and yellow underwear, short, dark hair — neutral, looking at camera
• standing behind other boys, wearing unseen and unseen, short, dark hair — partially obscured
A wide shot from inside a vehicle shows a street scene with a large pile of garbage and debris on the left. People and vehicles are moving around, and buildings line the street. A green SUV is visible on the right.
Setting: urban street — bright natural sunlight
An overhead drone shot captures a densely packed urban area with many buildings featuring corrugated metal roofs, some rusty. A main road with cars and people cuts through the center. Patches of green trees are scattered among the structures.
"You'll be almost ten times poorer and you can expect to have a much shorter life."
Setting: aerial view of a city — bright natural sunlight
A person is seen from behind, crouching on a dirt sidewalk next to a building with orange and green walls. Graffiti is visible on the walls, and a pair of white shoes lies on the ground. The scene is dimly lit.
Setting: urban sidewalk — dim, natural light
People (1):
• crouching, wearing unseen and unseen, short, dark hair — unseen
An aerial shot of a vibrant blue ocean meeting a white sand beach, where numerous colorful fishing boats are docked. Palm trees and small buildings line the shore, and lush green hills rise in the background.
Setting: coastal village — bright natural sunlight
An underwater shot shows a person swimming just below the surface in clear, turquoise water. The seabed is covered with smooth, light-colored pebbles. Sunlight filters through the water, creating dappled patterns.
Setting: underwater — natural sunlight filtering through water
People (1):
• swimming, wearing dark swimsuit and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
An expansive aerial view of a sprawling city nestled at the base of large, green mountains. The city is densely populated with buildings, and a few open fields are visible. The sky is bright with scattered clouds.
Setting: aerial view of a city — bright natural sunlight
An overhead drone shot captures a busy intersection in a densely populated urban area. Cars and people move along the roads, which are lined with buildings, some with rusty corrugated metal roofs. Trees are scattered throughout the scene.
Setting: aerial view of a city — bright natural sunlight
An airplane wing is visible against a backdrop of a vast ocean and distant landmasses. The sky is filled with dramatic clouds, and the sun is setting, casting a warm glow on the horizon. The ocean is calm and dark.
"I came here to find out how the two countries that share this one island can be so different."
Setting: aerial view from airplane — sunset
An animated map of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is shown. The island is green, surrounded by dark blue ocean. A white line traces the border between the two countries, and the names of the countries appear on their respective sides.
Setting: aerial map view — simulated daylight
Text: "HAITI", "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"
An overhead drone shot captures a bustling urban area with a mix of concrete buildings and shantytown structures. A main road with cars and people cuts through the center. Patches of green trees are scattered among the structures.
Setting: aerial view of a city — bright natural sunlight
A black and white pig forages for food amidst a vast expanse of colorful plastic garbage on a beach. The ocean is visible in the background under an overcast sky.
"With a politically volatile and impoverished Haiti on one side, and the stable and relatively rich Dominican Republic on the other."
Setting: polluted beach — overcast daylight
A wide shot of a heavily polluted beach shows a lone goat standing on the sand amidst piles of plastic trash. The turquoise ocean stretches into the distance, and green hills line the horizon under an overcast sky.
Setting: polluted beach — overcast daylight
An aerial shot captures waves crashing against a rocky coastline. Large, dark rocks are scattered along the shore, with one prominent rock appearing to balance precariously on another. The water is a vibrant turquoise, contrasting with the grey rocks.
Setting: coastal area — bright natural sunlight
Through a foreground of dark branches and foliage, numerous white wind turbines are visible in the distance, stretching across a green landscape under a bright blue sky. A man in a white cap is walking in the lower left of the frame.
Setting: rural area with wind turbines — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A woman in a red and white striped dress holds a baby while a young boy in a white t-shirt stands beside her. Two military personnel in camouflage uniforms are visible in the background, one standing and one seated, holding a rifle. The setting is an outdoor area with a yellow and green wall.
Setting: outdoor area, possibly a checkpoint — bright natural sunlight
People (5):
• standing, wearing red and white striped dress and red and white striped dress, dark, pulled back hair — partially obscured
• being held, wearing red and white striped top and light blue diaper, dark, short hair — partially obscured
• standing, leaning forward, wearing white t-shirt with red stain and yellow shorts, short, dark hair — looking up, mouth slightly open
• seated, relaxed, wearing camouflage jacket and camouflage pants, short, dark hair — partially obscured by cap
• standing, wearing camouflage jacket and camouflage pants, short, dark hair — partially obscured by cap
A person on a motorcycle drives across a narrow bridge over a muddy river. Lush green trees and hills line both sides of the road. The sky is bright blue with scattered clouds.
Setting: rural road crossing a river — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• riding motorcycle, wearing t-shirt and jeans, unseen hair — obscured by helmet
A man lies relaxed on top of a white van with a roof rack, as it drives along a winding road. Lush green trees and hills surround the road, and a road sign is visible on the right. The sky is bright blue.
Setting: winding rural road — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• lying down, wearing blue shirt and blue pants, short, dark hair — looking up
An aerial shot captures a city at night, with streetlights illuminating the roads and buildings. The scene is dark, with only the artificial lights providing visibility. The city appears sprawling and dense.
Setting: aerial view of a city at night — artificial streetlights
An animated map shows the Caribbean islands at night, with landmasses glowing green against a dark blue ocean. A white line traces the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, highlighting the division.
Setting: aerial map view — simulated night
The animated map zooms in on the island shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Haiti is highlighted in orange, and the Dominican Republic in green, emphasizing the stark contrast between the two nations. The border line is clearly visible.
"How did this line produce two totally different worlds?"
Setting: aerial map view — simulated daylight
Text: "HAITI", "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"
An animated sequence shows a map of Europe and North America, with a compass-like graphic overlayed. The Vox logo appears prominently, transitioning into an aerial view of a city. The scene is dynamic and fast-paced.
Setting: animated transition — dynamic
A wide shot captures a river with many people wading through it, some carrying baskets on their heads. Lush green banks line the river, with trees and small settlements visible in the background. The sky is bright and clear.
Setting: river crossing — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• wading, walking, wearing various and various, various hair — various
An aerial shot captures a city street with cars moving along. On the left, a red-roofed building stands next to an empty lot. On the right, a large construction site with a yellow crane is visible. The scene is bright and clear.
Setting: aerial view of a city — bright natural sunlight
A split screen shows two distinct scenes. On the left, a man with dark skin and a beard stands with his arms crossed, looking serious. On the right, a group of people, including a man in a neon yellow vest, are gathered outdoors. A compass-like graphic is overlaid on the left side.
Setting: outdoor split screen — natural sunlight
People (2):
• standing, wearing dark t-shirt and unseen, short, dark hair — serious, arms crossed
• standing, wearing neon yellow vest and unseen, short, dark hair — unseen
A compass-like graphic with intricate details is overlaid on a dynamic scene of people gathered outdoors under a bright sky. The word "BORDERS" is prominently displayed in large, bold letters.
Setting: outdoor gathering — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, wearing various and various, various hair — various
Text: "BORDERS"
The Vox Borders logo is displayed on a clean white background. The word "BORDERS" is in large, bold, black letters, with a dotted line tracing the outline of an island, representing the border. Below it, the text "Haiti/Dominican Republic" is visible.
Setting: digital graphic — bright
Text: "Vox", "BORDERS", "Haiti/Dominican Republic"
An aerial shot quickly zooms in on a coastal village named Marigot. The turquoise ocean meets a sandy beach, and buildings are clustered among green trees. The camera movement is fast and dynamic.
Setting: aerial view of coastal village — bright natural sunlight
Text: "MARIGOT"
An aerial shot of a vibrant blue ocean meeting a white sand beach, where numerous colorful fishing boats are docked. Palm trees and small buildings line the shore, and lush green hills rise in the background. People are visible on the beach.
"My journey starts here, at this beach village in Southern Haiti, where Haitian merchants, most of them women, are preparing for a nighttime boat ride."
Setting: coastal village — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
A woman in a pink shirt and dark pants walks towards the right, carrying a large bag on her head and a black bag on her shoulder. Other people are visible in the background, along with small buildings and green hills under an overcast sky.
Setting: outdoor village area — natural light
People (1):
• walking, wearing pink short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, dark, pulled back hair — neutral, looking forward
Several wooden boats are lined up on a rocky beach, some partially in the water. People are gathered around the boats, appearing to be preparing them. The sky is bright and overcast, and distant hills are visible.
Setting: beach — bright natural light
People (1):
• standing, bending, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
An underwater shot shows a person swimming just below the surface in clear, turquoise water. The seabed is covered with smooth, light-colored pebbles. Sunlight filters through the water, creating dappled patterns.
Setting: underwater — natural sunlight filtering through water
People (1):
• swimming, wearing dark swimsuit and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A split shot shows the surface of the turquoise water and the clear water below, revealing smooth pebbles on the seabed. A wooden boat with "QUI FAIT" painted on its side floats on the surface, with a person visible inside. The sky is bright and overcast.
Setting: coastal water — bright natural light
People (1):
• seated in boat, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
An aerial shot of a vibrant blue ocean meeting a white sand beach, where numerous colorful fishing boats are docked. Palm trees and small buildings line the shore, and lush green hills rise in the background. People are visible on the beach.
Setting: coastal village — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Several men and women are gathered around wooden boats on a rocky beach, some wading in the shallow water. They appear to be loading or unloading goods. The sky is bright and overcast, and distant hills are visible.
"The women boarding this boat have one goal: to make it to the border where they will be let into a Dominican market to buy and sell goods before returning to their villages."
Setting: beach — bright natural light
People (1):
• standing, wading, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
A group of people are gathered on a rocky beach near a large boat. One woman in a plaid skirt is bending over a white cooler, while another woman in a dark shirt and headscarf sits on a bucket, looking at her phone. Men are standing in the background, and distant hills are visible under an overcast sky.
Setting: rocky beach — natural light
People (2):
• bending, wearing blue shirt and plaid skirt, dark, covered by headscarf hair — bending over
• seated on bucket, wearing dark shirt and dark pants, dark, covered by headscarf hair — looking at phone
An aerial shot of a vibrant blue ocean meeting a white sand beach, where numerous colorful fishing boats are docked. Palm trees and small buildings line the shore, and lush green hills rise in the background. People are visible on the beach.
Setting: coastal village — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Several men and women are gathered around wooden boats on a rocky beach, some wading in the shallow water. They appear to be loading or unloading goods. The sky is bright and overcast, and distant hills are visible.
"It's international trade at its most informal."
Setting: beach — bright natural light
People (1):
• standing, wading, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
An aerial shot of a vibrant blue ocean meeting a white sand beach, where numerous colorful fishing boats are docked. Palm trees and small buildings line the shore, and lush green hills rise in the background. People are visible on the beach.
Setting: coastal village — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
A split shot shows the surface of the turquoise water and the clear water below, revealing smooth pebbles on the seabed. Wooden boats with various names painted on their sides float on the surface. The sky is bright and overcast.
"We're taking these boats because the next-door mountain range makes the land journey almost impossible."
Setting: coastal water — bright natural light
An aerial shot captures a vast expanse of lush green mountains under a cloudy sky. The terrain appears rugged and densely vegetated, with some patches of lighter green indicating cleared areas or farmland. The distant horizon is hazy.
Setting: mountainous landscape — natural, overcast
A young man in a white t-shirt and dark pants is painting the word "LEON" on the side of a white wooden boat. The letters are in green and orange. The boat is on a rocky beach, and the sky is bright and overcast.
Setting: beach — bright natural light
People (1):
• standing, painting, wearing white t-shirt and dark pants, short, dark hair — focused on painting
A large, weathered wooden boat with "58 SELISA LABASTILLE" painted on its side rests on a rocky beach. A motorcycle is parked beside it. Palm trees and distant hills are visible under a bright, overcast sky.
"These worn-out wooden boats have been making this exact journey twice per week for decades, and yet the process remains chaotic and unorganized, as if it's happening for the first time."
Setting: beach — bright natural light
Several wooden boats are lined up on a rocky beach, some partially in the water. People are gathered around the boats, appearing to be preparing them. The sky is bright and overcast, and distant hills are visible.
Setting: beach — bright natural light
People (1):
• standing, bending, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Several wooden boats are partially submerged in the shallow water near a beach. People are gathered around the boats, appearing to be loading large sacks onto them. The sky is a dramatic blue with scattered clouds, suggesting dawn or dusk.
Setting: beach at dawn/dusk — dawn/dusk light
People (1):
• standing, bending, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
A close-up shot of the stern of a wooden boat shows a small flag with blue and white stripes fluttering in the wind. Other boats are visible in the background, and the sky is a dramatic blue with scattered clouds, suggesting dawn or dusk.
Setting: beach at dawn/dusk — dawn/dusk light
In complete darkness, several people are seen wading through shallow water, illuminated only by the bright beams of flashlights. They appear to be moving towards a boat in the distance. The scene is chaotic and poorly lit.
Setting: nighttime beach — flashlights
People (1):
• wading, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
Two men stand in shallow water at night, illuminated by a distant light source. The man on the left wears a white t-shirt, and the man on the right wears a yellow t-shirt. Other indistinct figures are visible in the dark background.
Setting: nighttime beach — distant light source
People (2):
• standing, wearing white t-shirt and unseen, short, dark hair — neutral expression
• standing, wearing yellow t-shirt and unseen, short, dark hair — neutral expression
In complete darkness, several people are seen wading through shallow water, illuminated only by the bright beams of flashlights. They appear to be moving towards a boat in the distance. The scene is chaotic and poorly lit.
Setting: nighttime beach — flashlights
People (1):
• wading, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A person is seen from a low angle, carrying a large, light-colored sack on their shoulder, walking through shallow water at night. The scene is dimly lit by a distant light source, and other indistinct figures are visible in the background.
Setting: nighttime beach — distant light source
People (1):
• walking, carrying, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
In complete darkness, several people are seen wading through shallow water, illuminated only by the bright beams of flashlights. They appear to be moving towards a boat in the distance. The scene is chaotic and poorly lit.
"All of this energy, time, and effort, all to transport a handful of goods that in most countries would be shipped in bulk inside one of these."
Setting: nighttime beach — flashlights
People (1):
• wading, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A bright light illuminates a wooden boat in the dark, revealing several people gathered around it. The scene is chaotic, with people moving and loading items onto the boat. The water is dark and shallow.
Setting: nighttime beach — bright light
People (1):
• standing, bending, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A wide shot of a busy shipping yard shows stacks of red, blue, and white shipping containers. A large green crane is visible on the left, and several trucks and trailers are moving around in the background. The sky is bright and clear.
Setting: shipping yard — bright natural sunlight
An aerial shot quickly zooms out from a coastal village named Marigot, showing a white line tracing a path along the coastline and then extending into the dark blue ocean, indicating a journey. The land is green and the ocean is turquoise.
Setting: aerial view of coastal village — bright natural sunlight
Text: "MARIGOT"
A full moon casts a bright reflection on the dark ocean at night. The sky is cloudy, and two dark, indistinct structures rise from the water, silhouetted against the moonlight. The scene is calm and dark.
Setting: ocean at night — moonlight
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, looks up with a serious expression, illuminated by a faint light. He is on a boat in the dark, with the ocean visible in the background. The scene is dimly lit.
"We make this seven-hour journey to the border town, arriving around 4:00 AM."
Setting: nighttime boat — dim light
People (1):
• seated on boat, wearing grey t-shirt and unseen, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking up
A woman wades through shallow water at night, carrying a large basket on her head. Her silhouette is illuminated by a distant light source. The water is dark and calm, and other indistinct figures are visible in the background.
Setting: nighttime beach — distant light source
People (1):
• wading, carrying, wearing striped dress and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A man stands in shallow water at night, raising his arms in a gesture of welcome or excitement. Several boats with bright lights are visible in the distance, and the sky is dark with a hint of dawn. Waves gently lap at the shore.
Setting: nighttime beach — artificial lights, faint dawn
People (1):
• standing in water, wearing dark t-shirt and dark shorts, short, dark hair — unseen
A bright light illuminates a wooden boat in the dark, revealing several people gathered around it. The scene is chaotic, with people moving and loading items onto the boat. The water is dark and shallow.
"The sun rises and we walk to the border market."
Setting: nighttime beach — bright light
People (1):
• standing, bending, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
An overhead drone shot captures a dry riverbed with a bridge connecting two sides. On the left, a large group of people is gathered, and on the right, a market area with several rectangular structures is visible. The landscape is arid with sparse green trees.
"This market was established right on the border as a partnership between the two nations to give vendors from both sides a place to buy and sell on equal footing."
Setting: aerial view of border market — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Text: "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC", "HAITI"
An overhead drone shot captures a dry riverbed with a bridge connecting two sides. On the left, a large group of people is gathered, and on the right, a market area with several rectangular structures is visible. The landscape is arid with sparse green trees. The text "BORDER MARKET" is overlaid on the market area.
Setting: aerial view of border market — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Text: "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC", "HAITI", "BORDER MARKET"
A group of people are gathered on a dirt path, with some carrying baskets on their heads. A man in a neon yellow vest stands on a concrete barrier, looking over the crowd. The sun is low in the sky, casting a warm glow.
"As we approach the border, I quickly realize that's not what's happening here."
Setting: outdoor path — warm sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — various
An overhead drone shot captures a dry riverbed with a bridge connecting two sides. On the left, a large group of people is gathered, and on the right, a market area with several rectangular structures is visible. The landscape is arid with sparse green trees. The text "BORDER MARKET" is overlaid on the market area.
"So I'm looking across the border right now into the market, and you can see that Dominicans are already setting up. This is one of the big complaints of the Haitians. They're stuck on this side waiting to cross the border, and the border guards are just delaying it, and meanwhile the Dominicans are able to set up and get the best spots."
Setting: aerial view of border market — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Text: "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC", "HAITI", "BORDER MARKET"
A group of women are gathered on a dirt path, some carrying large metal bowls and baskets on their heads. Their faces show expressions of concern and anticipation as they look towards the right. The sun is low in the sky, casting a warm glow.
Setting: outdoor path — warm sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — concerned, anticipatory
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, stands on a rocky path, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. Green bushes and a hazy sky are visible in the background.
Setting: rocky outdoor path — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
A wide shot shows several market stalls with green roofs, where people are gathered and goods are displayed. Green trees are scattered around the market, and the sky is bright with a warm glow, suggesting early morning.
Setting: outdoor market — early morning sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, working, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, stands on a rocky path, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. Green bushes and a hazy sky are visible in the background.
Setting: rocky outdoor path — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
A large group of people are gathered on a dirt path, with some carrying baskets on their heads. The sun is low in the sky, casting a bright glare and silhouetting many of the figures. Green trees are visible in the background.
Setting: outdoor path — backlit by sun
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — silhouetted
A man in a red hat stands with his back to the camera, raising his arms in a gesture of frustration or protest. Other people are gathered around him, some carrying baskets on their heads. The sun is low in the sky, casting a bright glare.
Setting: outdoor gathering — backlit by sun
People (1):
• standing, protesting, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A group of women are gathered on a dirt path, some carrying large metal bowls and baskets on their heads. Their faces show expressions of concern and anticipation as they look towards the right. The sun is low in the sky, casting a warm glow.
Setting: outdoor path — warm sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — concerned, anticipatory
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, stands on a rocky path, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. Green bushes and a hazy sky are visible in the background.
"They will never treat you the way they are supposed to treat you. You know, Dominicans don't like Haitians."
Setting: rocky outdoor path — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
A group of people are gathered on a concrete barrier, looking over a crowd on a dirt path. A man in a neon yellow vest stands among them. The sun is low in the sky, casting a warm glow and silhouetting many of the figures.
Setting: outdoor gathering — backlit by sun
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — silhouetted
An overhead drone shot captures a dry riverbed with a bridge connecting two sides. On the left, a large group of people is gathered, and on the right, a market area with several rectangular structures is visible. The landscape is arid with sparse green trees. The text "BORDER MARKET" is overlaid on the market area.
Setting: aerial view of border market — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Text: "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC", "HAITI", "BORDER MARKET"
A woman with dark skin and a headscarf speaks passionately to someone off-camera. She is surrounded by other people, some carrying goods, and motorcycles are parked in the background. The sun is low, casting a warm glow.
Setting: outdoor gathering — warm sunlight
People (1):
• standing, speaking, wearing light grey t-shirt and unseen, dark, covered by headscarf hair — speaking, animated
An aerial shot captures a large group of people gathered on a dirt path next to a fence. Many are carrying large sacks and baskets. Motorcycles are parked nearby, and green trees are scattered throughout the area. The sun is low, casting long shadows.
Setting: outdoor gathering — warm sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
A large group of people are gathered on a concrete barrier, looking over a crowd on a dirt path. A man in a neon yellow vest stands among them. The sun is low in the sky, casting a warm glow and silhouetting many of the figures.
"These Haitians come from miles away on this grueling boat journey that I know now firsthand is very grueling, and they get to the border and the guards stop them for no reason. It's supposed to open it up for everyone at the same time."
Setting: outdoor gathering — backlit by sun
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — silhouetted
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, stands on a rocky path, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. Green bushes and a hazy sky are visible in the background.
Setting: rocky outdoor path — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
A group of people are gathered on a concrete bridge, looking out over a dry riverbed. Green trees frame the scene, and the sky is a dramatic blue with scattered clouds, suggesting dawn or dusk. The sun is low on the horizon.
Setting: border bridge — dawn/dusk light
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, stands on a rocky path, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. Green bushes and a hazy sky are visible in the background.
Setting: rocky outdoor path — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
A woman with dark skin and a red headscarf sits on the ground, speaking to someone off-camera. She is surrounded by other people, and a chain-link fence is visible in the background. The ground is dusty and littered with debris.
"I don't know why. But they won't let us in."
Setting: outdoor, dusty area — natural sunlight
People (1):
• seated on ground, wearing grey long-sleeved shirt and patterned pants, dark, covered by headscarf hair — speaking, animated
Text: "I don't know why. But they won't let us in."
A large crowd of people are gathered on a bridge, silhouetted against a bright, sunny sky. Some are carrying large baskets on their heads. The sun is high, creating a strong glare and making details indistinct. Green trees are visible in the foreground.
"The guards keep the Haitian women from crossing, not letting anyone know how long it will be. The tension grows, and then finally, hours after the Dominicans were allowed to enter, the guards open up the bridge."
Setting: border bridge — backlit by sun
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — silhouetted
A large crowd of people are seen from behind, walking across a bridge. Many are carrying large baskets and sacks on their heads. The sun is high, creating a strong glare and making details indistinct. Green trees are visible in the background.
Setting: border bridge — backlit by sun
People (1):
• walking, carrying, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
An overhead drone shot captures a dry riverbed with a bridge connecting two sides. On the left, a large group of people is gathered, and on the right, a market area with several rectangular structures is visible. The landscape is arid with sparse green trees. The text "BORDER MARKET" is overlaid on the market area.
Setting: aerial view of border market — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• gathered, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Text: "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC", "HAITI", "BORDER MARKET"
A bustling market scene shows people moving around, buying and selling goods. Many are carrying large sacks and buckets on their heads. A woman in a maroon shirt is holding a white sack. The sun is bright, casting strong shadows.
"They buy and sell for the day before returning to the boats to make the journey home."
Setting: outdoor market — bright sunlight
People (1):
• walking, carrying, wearing various and various, various hair — various
A man's hands are seen tying a bundle of green bananas, which are piled high on the ground. Another man is visible in the background, and the ground is dusty. The scene is brightly lit by the sun.
Setting: outdoor market — bright sunlight
People (1):
• bending, working, wearing unseen and unseen, unseen hair — unseen
A man in a yellow t-shirt is seen from behind, loading a large, heavy sack onto the back of a truck. Another large sack is already on the truck. The scene is brightly lit by the sun, and other people are visible in the background.
Setting: outdoor market — bright sunlight
People (1):
• bending, lifting, wearing yellow t-shirt and unseen, short, dark hair — unseen
A bustling market scene shows people moving around, buying and selling produce. Various fruits and vegetables are displayed on the ground, and several women are seated on low chairs, tending to their stalls. The ground is dusty.
Setting: outdoor market — bright sunlight
People (1):
• seated, standing, wearing various and various, various hair — various
A long, narrow concrete bridge with metal railings stretches across a dry riverbed. People are visible on both sides of the bridge, and green trees line the banks. The sky is bright and clear.
Setting: border bridge — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
A white screen with the Vox logo in the top right corner. The screen is completely blank, with no other objects or people visible.
Setting: digital graphic — bright
Several men and women are gathered around wooden boats on a rocky beach, some wading in the shallow water. They appear to be loading or unloading goods. The sky is bright and overcast, and distant hills are visible.
"The grueling boat journey, the senseless discrimination, it embodies the asymmetry that exists on this island."
Setting: beach — bright natural light
People (1):
• standing, wading, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
A group of people are gathered on a concrete bridge, looking out over a dry riverbed. Green trees frame the scene, and the sky is a dramatic blue with scattered clouds, suggesting dawn or dusk. The sun is low on the horizon.
Setting: border bridge — dawn/dusk light
People (1):
• gathered, standing, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
An aerial shot shows waves crashing onto a rocky beach lined with palm trees. Small buildings are visible among the trees, and the sky is overcast, suggesting dusk or dawn. The water is a deep blue-green.
"Watching it happen, it's impossible not to ask how it got like this."
Setting: coastal village — soft, natural light
An aerial shot captures a winding road along a coastline, with lush green trees on one side and the turquoise ocean on the other. A white car is driving on the road. The sky is bright with scattered clouds.
Setting: coastal road — bright natural sunlight
A busy street scene shows several motorcycles driving past the camera. People are walking on the dirt road, and small buildings with colorful walls are visible in the background. Green trees provide shade on the left.
Setting: urban street — bright natural sunlight
People (1):
• walking, wearing various and various, unseen hair — unseen
Johnny Harris, with a beard and short brown hair, stands on a rocky beach, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. A large tree provides shade on the left, and the ocean is visible in the background under a bright sky.
"There are a few key things that explain how this island produced two very different countries. But if you want to get at the very root of it, you have to go back to when this island was owned by two European powers, France and Spain."
Setting: rocky beach — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
An aerial shot of a vast, dry landscape with sparse green vegetation. The camera quickly zooms out, revealing a large map of the Caribbean islands. The land is brown and green, and the ocean is dark blue.
Setting: aerial map view — simulated daylight
An old, faded map of the Caribbean islands is displayed. The island of Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic) is prominently featured, with dotted lines indicating historical routes. The map is sepia-toned, giving it an antique feel.
Setting: historical map — simulated natural light
An old, faded map of the Caribbean islands is displayed. The island of Hispaniola is highlighted, with a red "X" marking the Spanish territory and a blue fleur-de-lis marking the French territory. Dotted lines indicate historical routes.
Setting: historical map — simulated natural light
Johnny Harris stands on a rocky beach, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. Behind him, an old painting depicts Christopher Columbus and his crew landing on an island, greeted by indigenous people. The scene is bright and sunny.
"France wanted a piece of this island because it was rich in resources like sugar and coffee."
Setting: rocky beach with historical overlay — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
An old painting depicts Christopher Columbus and his crew landing on an island, being greeted by indigenous people. The indigenous people are playing a game with a ball. The scene is vibrant and detailed, showing early colonial interaction.
Setting: tropical island — natural daylight
People (2):
• playing, interacting, wearing bare chests, simple tops and loincloths, skirts, dark, long hair — curious, engaged
• standing, observing, wearing tunics, cloaks and trousers, various hair — observant
An old, faded illustration depicts a battle scene with European soldiers and indigenous people. Swords and spears are clashing, and bodies lie on the ground. The scene is chaotic and violent, with a hazy, distressed effect.
Setting: battlefield — simulated natural light
People (2):
• fighting, wearing tunics and trousers, various hair — distressed
• fighting, wearing bare chests and loincloths, dark, long hair — distressed
Johnny Harris stands on a rocky beach, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. Animated graphics of sugar cane and coffee beans appear around him. A large tree provides shade on the left, and the ocean is visible in the background under a bright sky.
"So they fought a war with the Spanish, and they ended up splitting the island in two. One side would be the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, and the other side would be the French colony with the same name, Saint-Domingue, just in French."
Setting: rocky beach with animated overlay — natural sunlight
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
An animated outline of the island of Hispaniola appears on a white background, with a green line tracing the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The ocean is visible in the background, subtly blurred.
Setting: animated map — simulated daylight
An animated outline of the island of Hispaniola is displayed on a white background. The island is divided by a green line, with "Saint-Domingue" (French colony) appearing on the left and "Santo Domingo" (Spanish colony) on the right. The text is in blue and red, respectively.
"And that is the most important part of understanding this whole thing, is how these imperial powers treated their colonial possessions."
Setting: animated map — simulated daylight
Text: "Saint-Domingue", "Santo Domingo"
Johnny Harris stands on a rocky beach, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression. He is wearing a dark backpack and a light blue shirt. An animated map of Hispaniola with "Saint-Domingue" and "Santo Domingo" is overlaid in the background. The sun is setting, casting a warm glow.
"The French exploited the land. They brought in tons of slaves, and they were interested in making Saint-Domingue solely an economic producer."
Setting: rocky beach with animated overlay — sunset
People (1):
• standing, wearing light blue short-sleeved shirt and dark pants, short, brown, styled hair — serious, looking at camera
Text: "Saint-Domingue", "Santo Domingo"
An old, faded map of the Caribbean islands is displayed. The island of Hispaniola is highlighted, with a blue fleur-de-lis marking the French territory. Animated graphics of sugar cane and coffee beans appear around the island. Dotted lines indicate historical routes.
Setting: historical map with animated overlay — simulated natural light
An old illustration depicts a sugar plantation with slaves working in the fields and operating machinery. The scene is detailed and somber, showing the harsh realities of colonial labor. The illustration is overlaid on an old, faded map of the Caribbean.
Setting: historical illustration overlay — simulated natural light
People (1):
• working, wearing bare chests and loincloths, short, dark hair — strained
An old illustration depicts a black slave standing next to a white European man in a military uniform. The slave has his arm around the European man's shoulder. The
"They destroyed the soil from aggressively harvesting the same crop year after year, and they created a group of very resentful, overworked, and abused slaves that eventually rebelled."